Wednesday, August 15, 2012
Road to Emmaus
You know the story. Jesus had unexpectedly been crucified just two days ago. Two discouraged guys were headed home from Jerusalem. Walking along, they encountered a guy who asked about their long faces. When they explained the disaster and confusion of stories emerging, "beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself." After rebuking them: 'How foolish you are, and how slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Did not the Messiah have to suffer these things and then enter his glory?' [Luke 24:26-27]
This always bugged me. Why didn't Luke get those two guys to give a summary of Jesus' talk? I'd really like to hear it. He recorded parables and the nativity story and all that. Couldn't he give me the Old Testament overview, too? Argh!
But, of course, we get the whole New Testament. I know.
Still, one of my hungers has been for a better way of seeing the Old Testament, a way to capture the gist and purpose. I want to look at it like Jesus did.
Recently I've been reading another Graeme Goldsworthy book. This one is "Gospel and Kingdom." This is a "biblical theology" view of the Scriptures, a look at all the pieces from one central organizing principle. For Goldsworthy, that is the Gospel ("the Messiah had to suffer and then enter his glory!") and the Kingdom ("It is at hand!"). I first encountered this approach to the Scriptures a year or so ago, in another Goldsworthy book of more complicated style. This one is more accessible. I'm sure I've mentioned him, but I thought I'd share again a perspective that is working like leaven in my theology and thinking in general.
If Moses and the Prophets (the whole OT) spoke of the Messiah, then when I read and preach I need to see that message first. The OT isn't just a source book for moral examples. It is the first part of the full story of God establishing His Kingdom through Jesus. The Exodus is clearly a part of the Gospel story and points us to faith in Christ to enter a Promised Land. But so is David's defeat of Goliath and his failure with Bathsheba. They teach us first about the Gospel of our True King and only after we are sent to the Cross can we come back to them with "Kingdom eyes" to see moral lessons.
Or, at least that is where I am in my thinking today as I process Goldsworthy's insights.
I invite you to read the following passage. It's a whole chapter, but I think the author broke it up into small bits on purpose. It's really not that long.
This always bugged me. Why didn't Luke get those two guys to give a summary of Jesus' talk? I'd really like to hear it. He recorded parables and the nativity story and all that. Couldn't he give me the Old Testament overview, too? Argh!
But, of course, we get the whole New Testament. I know.
Still, one of my hungers has been for a better way of seeing the Old Testament, a way to capture the gist and purpose. I want to look at it like Jesus did.
Recently I've been reading another Graeme Goldsworthy book. This one is "Gospel and Kingdom." This is a "biblical theology" view of the Scriptures, a look at all the pieces from one central organizing principle. For Goldsworthy, that is the Gospel ("the Messiah had to suffer and then enter his glory!") and the Kingdom ("It is at hand!"). I first encountered this approach to the Scriptures a year or so ago, in another Goldsworthy book of more complicated style. This one is more accessible. I'm sure I've mentioned him, but I thought I'd share again a perspective that is working like leaven in my theology and thinking in general.
If Moses and the Prophets (the whole OT) spoke of the Messiah, then when I read and preach I need to see that message first. The OT isn't just a source book for moral examples. It is the first part of the full story of God establishing His Kingdom through Jesus. The Exodus is clearly a part of the Gospel story and points us to faith in Christ to enter a Promised Land. But so is David's defeat of Goliath and his failure with Bathsheba. They teach us first about the Gospel of our True King and only after we are sent to the Cross can we come back to them with "Kingdom eyes" to see moral lessons.
Or, at least that is where I am in my thinking today as I process Goldsworthy's insights.
I invite you to read the following passage. It's a whole chapter, but I think the author broke it up into small bits on purpose. It's really not that long.
Chapter Five
The Covenant and the
Kingdom of God
The Covenant
The creation of man in the image of God distinguished man
from the animals. Man is not the end of a chain of evolution for he is
qualitatively distinct from the animals. Man was created in fellowship with God
and with dominion over the rest of the created order. Thus there is a unique
relationship between God and man. However, we cannot ignore the similarity
between man and the animals - man is never more than a creature and, as such,
totally dependent upon the Creator. For instance the word of God to Adam
forbidding him to eat from the tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil expresses
the fact that man, the creature, is bound by the limits of his creaturehood. There
are real limits set by the Creator. As such they are expressions of the
sovereignty of God - of his absolute lordship. But this Lord is good and he
establishes his creature-man in a relationship which brings both rule and blessing.
God is king, man his subject. And the place where all this happens is the very
best place of all - it is the garden paradise of Eden.
The Heart of the
Problem
Man’s sin is his attempt to renounce his creaturehood and to
assert his independence of God, the Creator. The consequent judgment (in the
'fall' of man) establishes a break in the relationship between man and God. The
world becomes a fallen world for fallen man to live in (see Romans 8: 19-20).
But just as a fallen creation still reflects God’s glory (Psalm 19: 1, Romans
1: 20) so man still reflects something of God’s image. One aspect of the mercy
of God is that he reveals a gracious attitude towards fallen man. Even in the
Fall, God’s grace permits the world to continue, and sustains an order in which
man may live and multiply.
The measure of God's grace is not only the ‘common grace’
shown in the ongoing universe; it is seen in the declaration of the purpose to
redeem a people to be the people of God. The relationship between God and man
as it once existed in Eden provides some indication of God’s intention for his
new race of people.
The Covenant with
Abraham
Leaving aside for the moment the question of what is revealed
between the fall of man and the beginnings of the Hebrew nation (in Genesis 4-11),
we now examine the call of Abraham. God's promise to Abraham, expressed in
Genesis 12 and subsequent chapters, provides one of the central themes of the
Bible. The form of the promise described as covenant is essentially an agreement
between parties. But this is no ordinary human covenant involving mutual
consent of equals, but a lordly covenant dispensed by the gracious act of a God
greatly offended and sinned against. The covenant is an agreement in the sense
that the recipient must agree to any terms that may be proposed. But before all
else we must see this covenant as one of grace - undeserved favor. God’s
promises to Abraham involved:
(a) A people who are his
descendants,
(b) A land in which they will
live,
(c) A relationship with God in
that they shall be God's people.
This covenant relationship, then, consists in being called
the people of God. Every later expression of this relationship stems from the
original covenant. We discover that this promise to the forefathers of Israel
(Abraham, Isaac and Jacob) becomes the basis of the relationship of all the
people of God in the Bible. Even in the New Testament the concept of being the
children of Abraham is transferred to those who by faith embrace the gospel
(Galatians 3: 29). Every Christian is a son or daughter of Abraham! Later we
shall look at the different areas where the covenant is given distinct expression
in the Old Testament.
The Kingdom of God
To understand the covenant we must examine its contents and
its terms. The content of the covenant, like the goal of redemption, is the
Kingdom of God, since the covenant is related to our redemption as children of God.
What is the Kingdom of God? The New Testament has a great deal to say about
‘the Kingdom' but we may best understand this concept in terms of the relationship
of ruler to subjects. That is, there is a king who rules, a people who are
ruled, and a sphere where this, rule is recognized as taking place. Put in
another Way, the Kingdom of God involves:
(a) God’s people
(b) In God’s place
(c) Under God’s rule.
Given this basic analysis, it is clear that the fact that
the term “Kingdom of God’ does not occur in the Old Testament is unimportant.
The basic idea is woven through the whole of Scripture.
We first see the Kingdom of God in the Garden of Eden. Here
Adam and Eve live in willing obedience to the word of God and to God’s rule. In
this setting, the Kingdom is destroyed by the sin of man - and the rest of the
Bible is about the restoration of a people to be the willing subjects of the
perfect rule of God.
There are many more episodes in the Bible where the Kingdom
of God is given expression.
The Promise to
Abraham
This is recorded in Genesis 12. 1-3. God promises the patriarchs
that their descendants (God's people) will possess the Promised Land (God’s
place) and be the people of God, underneath his authority (God’s rule). The
historical process by which the people are brought into that situation takes
the form of a redemptive act of God. God redeems Israel when he rescues it out
of captivity in Egypt.
The Monarchy
Israel’s ‘golden age’ comes during the period of the Monarchy,
when northern and southern kingdoms are united as one nation. The political,
economic and religious achievement of the kingdom of David and Solomon fulfills
in a very tangible way the promises to Abraham. This kingdom is by no means
perfect but it displays all the elements of the Kingdom of God. So a pattern is
emerging: the revelation of God’s kingdom begins with a very basic promise to
Abraham, and then moves through a process of fulfillment which includes a
redemptive experience (the Exodus) and climaxes in a fulfillment (the
Monarchy). This last stage contains some things not even specifically stated in
the original promise (such as the city of Zion, the Temple and the Kingship of
David).
The Prophetic Kingdom
Solomon’s kingdom fails and this serves to underline what
has been apparent all along - that the historical process from Abraham to
Solomon always falls short of the glory of God's true kingdom, even though it
reveals the nature of that kingdom. In the face of the judgment upon Israel’s
sin (climaxing in the destruction of the nation), the prophets restate the
promise of the Kingdom as something that will be fulfilled in the future.
The return from the Babylonian exile fails to produce the
Kingdom foretold by prophets such as Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel. The post-exilic
prophets, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi, continue to direct the eyes of Israel away
from their present history to the great future day when the perfect and
everlasting Kingdom of God will be revealed. The Old Testament ends on the note
of promise and expectation. There is no fulfillment in sight as the Jews enter
nearly four hundred years of prophetic silence between the two Testaments.
During this time the Jews develop a variety of solutions to the problem. The
best known is that of the Pharisees, who sought a literal return to the Israelite
monarchy and the freedom of Israel from all foreign oppression.
The Gospel Kingdom
Jesus declares: 'The time is fulfilled; the Kingdom of God is
at hand' (Mark 1: 14). He thus introduces the gospel as the bringing-near of
the Kingdom. What it means for the Kingdom to be ‘at hand’ rather than
fulfilled emerges as the New Testament expounds the gospel. Jesus is the
fulfillment of the promises but, at this stage, the fact that God's kingdom
will triumph can only be received by faith. The New Testament describes in
various places the future consummation of the Kingdom Where the people of God
know fully and by sight that which they now only have by faith. When Christ
appears at his second coming, the saints of God will appear with him and the
eternal Kingdom will be made plain (Colossians 3: 4).
The Kingdom Pattern Established
|
Eden
|
The Fall
|
|
|
Redemptive act:
noah
|
The Kingdom Promised
|
Abraham
Redemptive Act:
Exodus
|
The Kingdom Foreshadowed
|
David-Solomon
Redemptive Act:
Prophetic Promise of Salvation
|
The Kingdom At Hand
|
Jesus Christ
Redemptive act:
His life, death and resurrection
|
The Kingdom Consummated
|
Return of Christ
|
Figure 5 ‘Kingdom’ Revelation in the Bible (see also
Fig. 8)
It is now clear why the history of redemption is not simply
a gradual unfolding of the truths of the Kingdom, a dawning of the light, but
rather a series of stages in which the Kingdom, and the way into it, are
revealed. In each stage all the essential ingredients of the Kingdom are given
expression, but each successive stage builds on the former until the full
revelation of the gospel is achieved. At the risk of oversimplification, we
might organize our material on the Kingdom of God in several 'blocks' of revelation:
(a) The Kingdom revealed in Eden
(b) The Kingdom revealed in
Israel's history (Abraham to Solomon)
(c) The Kingdom revealed in
prophecy (Elijah to John the Baptist)
(d) The Kingdom revealed in
Christ (New Testament times to return to Christ).
We must now consider in a more exact fashion just how these
stages or blocks of revelation relate to each other. The conclusions we reach
about this will control our method of interpreting Old Testament texts and our understanding
of their relevance to us as Christians today.
Friday, August 03, 2012
If we pretend to be sinners, we only pretend to be forgiven
Here's another bit of what I'm reading at the moment. This is from Brennan Manning's Abba's Child. It's a couple of pages from the last chapter, "The Rabbi's Heartbeat." Manning's writings had a large impact on Woody Phillips, our former mission president, when he hit his mid-life "wall."
The book is an "old friend" that I picked up again this spring when I was recommending titles to Liam. I'm very glad I did. It's like the voice of a pastor for me.
The question at hand, not stated by Manning, but that most interests me is: what is "normal" Christian life? What is our primary goal? My answer is: the central task of the Christian life is faith. To believe the Gospel more and more deeply. To count more fully as the years go by on Jesus' death and righteousness as my only answer to what I find deep in my heart as I come to know God's great Heart. A life of repentance and faith that brings humility and joy and the fruits of the Spirit at work through the Gospel.
Anyway, here is Manning. I've highlighted the quote that led to my title for the post.
The book is an "old friend" that I picked up again this spring when I was recommending titles to Liam. I'm very glad I did. It's like the voice of a pastor for me.
The question at hand, not stated by Manning, but that most interests me is: what is "normal" Christian life? What is our primary goal? My answer is: the central task of the Christian life is faith. To believe the Gospel more and more deeply. To count more fully as the years go by on Jesus' death and righteousness as my only answer to what I find deep in my heart as I come to know God's great Heart. A life of repentance and faith that brings humility and joy and the fruits of the Spirit at work through the Gospel.
Anyway, here is Manning. I've highlighted the quote that led to my title for the post.
Sebastian Moore made this astonishing confession “It has taken me thirty years to understand that the admission and forgiveness of sin is the essence of the New Testament.”Before assigning him to a slow learners’ group, let us examine carefully our own comprehension of sin and forgiveness. To what extent are we truly reconciled to God and ourselves, and to what degree do we actually dare to live each day as forgiven men and women?For most of us the generic confession of sinfulness comes easily - i.e., all human beings are sinners, I am human, therefore I am a sinner. A hasty examination of conscience reveals minor infractions of the Law, or what Roman Catholic locution calls “venial sins," This vague admission of wrongdoing is necessary in order to qualify for membership in the community of the saved. But saved from what?Our blindness to the sinfulness of the late Mother Teresa exposes our superficial understanding of the mystery of iniquity lurking within every human being. Her heroic works of charity shield us from the truth of her inner poverty as well as from our own. For if we emulate her sacrificial love in some small fashion, we are lulled into a false sense of security that persuades us that we have no need of repentance today When the little Albanian saint humbly confessed her brokenness and her desperate need for God, we are either uncomprehending or we secretly suspect her of false modesty.Paul Claudel once stated that the greatest sin is to lose the sense of sin. If sin is merely an aberration caused by oppressive social structures, circumstances, environment, temperament, compulsions, and upbringing, we will admit the sinful human condition but deny that we are sinners, We see ourselves as basically nice, benevolent people with minor hang-ups and neuroses that are the common lot of humanity. We rationalize and minimize our terrifying capacity to make peace with evil and thereby reject all that is not nice about us.The essence of sin lies in the enormity of our self-centeredness, which denies our radical contingency and displaces the sovereignty of God with what Alan Jones calls “our sucking two-percent self.” Our fascination with power, prestige, and possessions justifies aggressive self-assertion, regardless of the damage inflicted on others. The impostor insists that looking out for Numero Uno is the only sensible posture in a dog-eat-dog world. “Those unwed mothers made their own bed," shouts the false self. “Let them lie in it!"The evil operative within us resides in relentless self-absorption, in what Moore calls “our inescapable narcissism of consciousness.” Therein lies the source of our cruelty, possessiveness, jealousy and every species of malice. If we gloss over our selfishness and rationalize the evil within us, we can only pretend we are sinners and therefore only pretend we have been forgiven. A sham spirituality of pseudo-repentance and pseudo-bliss eventually fashions what modern psychiatry calls a borderline personality in which appearances make up for reality.Those who stop short of evil in themselves will never know what love is about. Unless and until we face our sanctimonious viciousness, we cannot grasp the meaning of the reconciliation Christ effected on Calvary’s hill.Humility, recovering alcoholics like to say is stark raving honesty. Recovery from the disease cannot be initiated until the deadly denial dwelling in the subterranean personality of the drunk is exposed and acknowledged. He or she must hit bottom, arrive at the moment of truth when the pain it takes to hang on to the bottle becomes much greater than the pain it takes to let go. Similarly, we cannot receive what the crucified Rabbi has to give unless we admit our plight and stretch out our hands until our arms ache.If we search for one word to describe the mission and ministry of Jesus Christ, reconciliation would not be a bad choice. “In other words, God in Christ was reconciling the world to himself, not holding men’s faults against them” (2 Corinthians 5:19). When Jesus said that if He be lifted up from the earth, He would draw all men and women to Himself, He is referring to His being lifted up on a crossbeam. The body of a helpless Rabbi writhing in agony and bleeding to death is the total and final reversal of our flight from ourselves. Calvary is the unbearable place where all the evil in our shabby selves tries to hold its own against God, “and thus provokes the thunder of resurrection.”Through His passion and death Jesus carried away the essential sickness of the human heart and broke forever the deadly grip of hypocrisy on our souls. He has robbed our loneliness of its fatal power by traveling Himself to the far reaches of loneliness (“My God, my God, why have You deserted Me?”). He has understood our ignorance, weakness, and foolishness and granted pardon to us all (“Forgive them, Father, they do not know what they are doing”). He has made His pierced heart a safe place for every defeated cynic, hopeless sinner, and self-loathing derelict across the bands of time. God reconciled all things, everything in heaven and everything on earth, when He made peace by His death on the cross (Colossians 1:20).The Cross reveals that Jesus has conquered sin and death and that nothing, absolutely nothing, can separate us from the love of Christ. Neither the impostor nor the pharisee, neither the lack of awareness nor the lack of passion, neither the negative judgments of others nor the debased perception of ourselves, neither our scandalous past nor our uncertain future, neither the power struggles in the church nor the tensions in our marriage, nor fear, guilt, shame, self-hatred, nor even death can tear us away from the love of God, made visible in Jesus the Lord.Listening to the faint heartbeat of the dying Rabbi is a powerful stimulus to the recovery of passion. It is a sound like no other.The Crucified says, “Confess your sin so that l may reveal Myself to you as lover, teacher, and friend, that fear may depart and your heart can stir once again with passion.” His word is addressed both to those filled with a sense of self-importance and to those crushed with a sense of self-worthlessness. Both are preoccupied with themselves. Both claim a godlike status, because their full attention is riveted either on their prominence or their insignificance. They are isolated and alienated in their self-absorption.The release from chronic egocentricity starts with letting Christ love them where they are. Consider John Cobb’s words:
The spiritual man can love only ... when he knows himself already loved in his self-preoccupation. Only if man finds that he is already accepted in his sin and sickness, can he accept his own self-preoccupation as it is; and only then can his psychic economy be opened toward others, to accept them as they are -not in order to save himself, but because he doesn’t need to save himself. We love only because we are first loved? (The Structure of Christian Existence, Westminster Press, 1968)